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Ancient Egyptians - Ahmose I |
Profile of Pharaoh Ahmose I Profile of Ahmose I History Time Period: New Kingdom Dynasty: 18th DynastyPredecessors: The Hyksos 'Foreign Rulers' Predecessor: Kamose, a Theban kingParents: Sekenenre Tao II and Queen Ahhotep I Dates of his Reign: 1549 - 1524BCPrincipal Wife: Queen Ahmose-Nefertari Successor: Amenhotep IKing Ahmose I Ancient Egyptian King - Ahmose I Fact Sheet Fact 1 on Ahmose I: Name: Ahmose was also known as Nebpehtire. His name means the "Moon Arises" Fact 2 on Ahmose I: History: The north of Egypt (Lower Egypt) had been subject to the Hyksos foreign rulers for nearly 200 years. The south of Egypt (Upper Egypt) were ruled by Kings of Thebes but they were forced to pay tributes to the Hyksos. The situation came to a head when a furious quarrel erupted between the two factions triggered by the heretical religious views of the Hyksos ruler Apepi (aka Apophis). Fact 3 on Ahmose I: History: The argument resulted in war as the Thebans gathered together to oust the Hyksos from Egypt. The Theban kings King Seqenenre Tao II and his heir King Kamose, the last ruler of the 17th Dynasty, were killed during battles in the resulting war. Fact 4 on Ahmose I: King Ahmose was the son of King Seqenenre Tao II and the younger brother of Kamose and, as heir to the throne of Thebes, the 10 year old Ahmose became ruler during this turbulent period battling against the Hyksos. His title was 'Prince of the South'. Fact 5 on Ahmose I: The Hyksos had introduced a new form of warfare using the horse and the chariot, advanced weapons and new military tactics. The Egyptians had adopted this new style of warfare and had also introduced military training programs so were in a strong military position to expel the Hyksos from ancient Egypt. Fact 6 on Ahmose I: Ahmose was too young to immediately capitalize on the victories achieved by his brother Kamose. His mother, Queen Ahhotep I, acted as regent until the king came of age. Fact 7 on Ahmose I: Queen Ahhotep I and the powerful supporters of Thebes ensured that their hold on the southern lands were consolidated. Ahmose was raised during this period of rebellion against the Hyksos and taught about military tactics preparing him to lead an army against the Hyksos and return the land of Egypt to the Egyptians. Fact 8 on Ahmose I: Family: Ahmose married several of his sisters and Queen Ahmose-Nefertari was his chief wife. They had several children including crown prince Amenhotep, who would succeed his father to the throne. Fact 9 on Ahmose I: The Hyksos ruler Apepi died and was succeeded by Khamudi who became the chief adversary of Ahmose. Fact 10 on Ahmose I: The power base of Khamudi, and the capital of the Hyksos, was in Avaris a northern city in the Nile Delta area of Lower Egypt. Avaris was located in the area known today as Tell el-Daba. Fact 11 on Ahmose I: The ultimate objective of Ahmose was to capture of Avaris and expel the Hyksos from Egypt. His tactics and military campaign were carefully planned. His army, horses and chariots were dispatched to the north over land and his foot soldiers by boats along the River Nile. Ancient Egyptian King - Ahmose I Fact Sheet Pharaoh Ahmose I King Ahmose I Ancient Egyptian King - Ahmose I Fact Sheet Fact 12 on Ahmose I: The military tactics of Ahmose were to bring as many cities in he Nile Delta under his power. He then blocked all roads to Canaan ensuring that the Hyksos could not get reinforcements from this area. At this point he laid siege to the Hyksos fortress in the capital of Avaris. Fact 13 on Ahmose I: The Egyptian king blockading the fortress at Avaris with an army of 480,000 men. After a considerable time, Avaris eventually surrendered. Fact 14 on Ahmose I: The Hyksos then fled into Sharuhen, a fortress in southwestern Palestine. Expelling the Hyksos out of Egypt brought about the age of the New Kingdom. Fact 15 on Ahmose I: The Egyptians followed the Hyksos and laid siege to the fortress at Sharuhen. The siege at Sharuhen lasted over 3 years and the Hyksos, forced to surrender fled to modern Syria, pursued again by the Egyptians who were intent on killing all of the Hyksos survivors. Fact 16 on Ahmose I: Meanwhile there was rebellion from the Kerman Rulers of Kush (Nubia), the previous trading partners of the Hyksos. The Nubian leader Aata was crushed and Ahmose restored Egyptian rule over Nubia. Fact 17 on Ahmose I: The men who helped Ahmose achieve these great victories over the Hyksos and the Nubians were not forgotten. They were given Nubian captives as slaves and granted lands to farm. Fact 18 on Ahmose I: King Ahmose then turned to establishing a central government in Egypt and appointed an able man called Tetinefer as his Vizier (Chief Chancellor). The government and the king focussed on establishing trade with neighboring countries and initiating great building projects to improve the irrigation systems and repairing cities damaged during the war and building new temples to the gods. Fact 19 on Ahmose I: The city of Thebes became the capital for the whole of Egypt as both the political and religious centers of the kingdom. Fact 20 on Ahmose I: The building projects of Ahmose also included great mortuary memorials at Abydos for his mother, Queen Ahhotep, and his grandmother who was called Queen Tetisheri. Fact 21 on Ahmose I: A Pyramid in honor of Ahmose was built not as a tomb, but as a cenotaph for the pharaoh at his funerary complex at the necropolis of Abydos. The pyramid displays scenes of his expulsion of the Hyksos. Fact 22 on Ahmose I: The founding of the 18th dynasty by Ahmose heralded the time in ancient Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom when Egypt reached the height of its power. Its new military expertise and the use of the chariot enabled them to build a great Egyptian Empire The Expulsion of the Hyksos Fact 23 on Ahmose I: Many theories have been expounded regarding a possible association between the expulsion of the Hyksos and the Exodus of the Israelites from ancient Egypt. Fact 24 on Ahmose I: The name 'Ahmose' is a combination of the of 'Ah' (relating to the Egyptian god Aah) and the 'moses'. Fact 25 on Ahmose I: The Book of Exodus in the Bible tells the story of how Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. Fact 26 on Ahmose I: The text of Exodus 12:37-38 relates that the Israelites numbered "about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children," plus many non-Israelites and livestock. Ancient Egyptian King - Ahmose I Fact Sheet Pharaoh Ahmose I and the 18th Dynasty 18th Dynasty Chronology Name: Dates of Reign Pharaoh Ahmose I: 1549–1524 BC Pharaoh Amenhotep I: 1524–1503 BCPharaoh Thutmose I: 1503–1493 BC Pharaoh Thutmose II: 1493–1479 BCQueen Hatshepsut: 1479–1458 BC Pharaoh Thutmose III: 1479–1424 BCPharaoh Amenhotep II: 1424–1398 BC Pharaoh Thutmose IV: 1398–1388 BCPharaoh Amenhotep III: 1388–1350 BC Pharaoh Akhenaten: 1351–1334 BCPharaoh Smenkhkare: 1335–1334 BC Pharaoh Neferneferuaten: 1334–1332 BCPharaoh Tutankhamun: 1332–1323 BC Pharaoh Ay: 1323–1319 BCPharaoh Horemheb: 1319–1292 BC Ahmose I Ahmose I |