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Learn about the Egyptian Dynasties with our fast fact sheets. |
History of the 12th Dynasty and its Pharaohs Twelfth Dynasty Dates: c1991–c1782 B.C.E. Ancient Egyptian History - 12th Dynasty Fact Sheet Fact 1 on 12th Dynasty: The previous line of kings collapsed following a palace coup led by the Vizier Amenemhat who established the 12th Dynasty. The capital initially remained in Thebes (see map below) but moved to the city of It-tawy. Fact 2 on 12th Dynasty: The city of It-tawy was founded at the beginning of the Middle Kingdom by King Amenemhat I. The exact location of the city of It-tawy is still unknown, although believed to be located south of Memphis, in the Faiyum region. Fact 3 on 12th Dynasty: This new line of warrior kings increased their power and wealth and eventually regained control over the Nomarchs and the Nomes of ancient Egypt. Fact 4 on 12th Dynasty: There were threats of invasion from various countries and military campaigns were mounted against Nubia to the south of Egypt and Libya to the east. Fact 5 on 12th Dynasty: Fortresses were built along the River Nile and a standing army was established to protect the borders of Egypt. Fact 6 on 12th Dynasty: Senusret II established a Faiyum irrigation project converting the Faiyum oasis into productive farmland. Fact 7 on 12th Dynasty: King Senusret III was the most powerful monarch in this line of kings. The building of the Sesostris Canal, the forerunner of the Suez Canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea, was initiated during his reign. Fact 8 on 12th Dynasty: Vast building projects were undertaken and new temples, obelisks and mortuary complexes, including small pyramids, were built. Fact 9 on 12th Dynasty: The Coffin Texts were created for ordinary Egyptians providing magic spells painted on wooden coffins as a guide to surviving the perils of the Underworld. Such texts were previously exclusive to the pharaohs - the Middle Kingdom saw the rise of the common man. Fact 10 on 12th Dynasty: Queen Sobeknefru became known as the first female ruler of Egypt but died leaving no heir also refer to Ancient Egyptian Queens. Fact 11 on 12th Dynasty: The untimely death of Queen Sobeknefru ended the period of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the chaotic and unstable Second Intermediate Period which would eventually led to the conquest and rule of the Hyksos, the"foreign rulers" who introduced the horse and the chariot to the ancient Egyptians. Ancient Egyptian History - 12th Dynasty Fact Sheet Definition of the 12th Dynasty Twelfth Dynasty Dates: c1991–c1782 B.C.E. Ancient Egyptian Dynasties Ancient Egytian Dynasties Early Dynastic Period: 1st - 2nd Dynasties The Old Kingdome 3rd - 6th Dynasties 1st Intermediate Period 7th - 10th Dynasties The Middle Kingdom 11th - 12th Dynasties 2nd Intermediate Period 13th - 20th Dynasties The New Kingdom 18th - 20th Dynasties Post Empire 21st - 31st Dynasties History of the 12th Dynasty Pharaohs 12th Dynasty Chronology - Succession and History of the Kings Chronology of the Kings Name - Dates of Reign King Amenemhet I - 1991–1962 BC King Senusret I - 1971–1926 BC King Amenemhet II - 1929–1892 BC King Senusret II - 1897–1878 BC King Senusret III - 1878–1841 BC King Amenemhet III - 1844–1797 BC King Amenemhet IV - 1799–1787 BC Queen Sobeknefru - 1787–1782 BC Chronology of the Kings 12th Dynasty History Ancient Egyptian History Egytian Time Periods Prehistoric Egytpt 5000 - 3100BCE Early Dynastic Period: 3100 - 2686 BCE The Old Kingdom 2686 - 2181 BCE 1st Intermediate Period 2181 - 2134 BCE The Middle Kingdom 2134 - 1782 BCE 2nd Interm ediate Period 1782 - 1550 BCE The New Kingdom 1550 - 1069 BCE 3rd Interm ediate Period 1069 - 664 BCE The Late Period 664 - 332 BCE Ptolemaic Egypt 332 - 30 BCE Roman & Byzantine Egypt 30 BCE - 641 CE 12th Dynasty Ancient Egyptian History |
